ESTABLISHED 1 845 PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS. Scientific American (Established 18451 .$3.00 a year. Scientific American Supplement (Established 1376) 5.00 ' Scientific American Building Edition (Established 1885). 2.50 ' Scientific American Export Edition (Established ISIS) 3.00 ' The combined subscription rates and rates to foreign countries will be furnished upon application. Remit by postal or express money order or by bank draft or check. MUNN & CO. 361 Broadway corner Franklin Street New York. ECONOMIES OF SUPERHEATED STEAM IN THE STEAM TURBINE. The excellent results obtained with the best types of steam turbines are due in no small measure to the fact tion which is a fruitful source of loss in the ordinary reciprocating engine and the forms of rotary engines not of the turbine type. When the steam turbine is steadily at work the interior surfaces are at virtually constant temperature and for this reason it might be supposed that the only gain which would result from the use otsuperheated steam would be that due to the increase of thermodynamic efficiency corresponding to the wider range of temperature. It seems however that in the course of investigations carried out at Sibley College it has been found that there is an actual gain of about 1 per cent for every 3° Fahrenheit of superheat which is accompanied by an increase in the capacity of the turbine of about 100 per cent for 37° Fahrenheit of superheat. It is considered that the causes of each of these gains from superheating are iden tical and are due to the removal of the friction which is present when saturated steam is passing through the turbine. In the latter case there is a retardation of the flow of the steam due to moisture in the form of drops and mist the moisture clinging to the walls of the steam passages within the turbine. This explanation is corroborated by the fact that the gain as far as the experiments have gone is about proportional
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