IMPROVED STUMP SAWING MACHINE. Bronzes of Copper and Tin The Chinese Gong Metal. specimen which has been so treated is again heated to red ness and annealed or very slowly cooled the density is re duced. The latter effect is much less marked than the former few repetitions of the operations. This result does not occur when a bronze containing only from 6 to 12 per cent which in bronzes rich in tin is more marked with sudden than with slow cooling. Bronzes rich in tin are softened by sudden cooling while the reverse effect is produced in steel in which also the density is diminished by the operation in stead of being increased as in the bronzes. 20 per cent of:tin cannot be wrought at ordinary temperatures and that at a bright cherry red heat it crumbles under the hammer. The author has however found that at a dark red heat or a little below it this alloy is as malleable as iron and may be hammered into thin plates with the great est ease. Availing himself of this observation he has been struments. Facts about Copper. Mechanical actions alternating with either slow or sudden cooling produce in pure copper an increase of density when the heating has taken place without access of air and a de crease in the contrary ease. Brass has its density increased by annealing ; while similor which contains a much smaller proportion of zinc undergoes no sensible change of density by these processes. Some experiments are described prov ing the permeability to liquids of cast iron by Mr. Richewho finds that copper melted and run into the mold at a low tem perature is also capable of absorbing liquids a property acquired likewise by rolled copper after heating in charcoal. This property is not possessed by copper which has been cast at an elevated temperatureor heated with access of air A Mine of Liquid Sulphur. frequently closed for brief periods. Quite recently on open ing one of these closed fissures it was found that the sulphur had disappeared ; and in order to renew the flow it
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