Improved Water Wheel. Morin who gave the name of 'turbine' to a certain class of water wheels defines the term as meaning wheels upon a vertical shaft. On that unquestionable authority we designate the wheel here illustrated a turbine. There seems to be no more prospect of in ventions ceasing in this class of wheels than in the steam engine ; the endless variety of ideas which may be originated in connection with it being strikingly manifested by the improvements and modifications which the inventor of this wheel illustrates in the annexed engraving. Its purpose is to economize in the use of water by appro priating the leakage water so .as to utilize its force in driving the wheel to obviate the friction hither to produced by water-tight joints and to discharge the water from the wheel af ter the closing of the gate so that the wheel and pen stock will be free from water when not in operation. The modification also renders the parts very accessible for the purpose of repairs. The construction of this wheel is plainly shown in the engraving which is a perspective view with a portion broken away to dis play the interior. A re presents a horizontal foun dation or bed-piece in which a draught tube B is fitted; this tube being. ofxylin drical form and of a size properly proportioned to the size of the wheel. C is an annular flanch or plate which is placed on the top of the draught tube and D is a penstock which is placed on the flanch or plate C to which it is secured by screw bolts a. The lower end of the penstock is 'let in' the flanch C to insure a firm and water-tight connection. E is a water is provided with a valve F and has a gate G at its outer end. The gate G; may be an ordinary swing ing or sliding vertical gate and the valve F may be the valve opening downwards. H represents the wheel the shaft J of which has its upper bearing at being stepped at the junction of the bars J J which cross each other at right angles and are suspended by stirrups K from the flanch
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