The penance of St John Chrysostom., Lucas Cranach the Elder, artist, 1509, Germany, engraving, A prolific German Renaissance painter, and engraver, Lucas Cranach (1472-1553) may have invented the full-length portrait. Cranach served as painter to the court of Frederick the Wise of Saxony in Wittenberg, where he specialised in portraits with bold compositions and strong colours. He was also responsible for decorative schemes around the court, as well as for tournaments and celebrations, the considerable demands of this work led him to open a workshop and to develop techniques and standardisation that sped up the painting process. A close friend of Martin Luther, Cranach also supervised the printing of Luther’s pamphlets, painted altarpieces for Lutheran churches and produced portraits of Protestant reformers and princes, as well as designing woodcuts for Luther’s translation of the New Testament.
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