Science Leads to Economy of Time and Labor. Analecta Veterum Gnecorum' Epig. 39 vol. ii. p. ing the grindstones for the daily supply of corn ! ' Woman you wno have hitherto had to grind corn you that the birds announce by their songs the dawn to move the heavy millstones and perform your her small household. During the most prosperous time of Athens it was estimated that there were twenty men of the Jews the helots of Sparta the captive slaves of Rome the serfs of Europe and uneducated rance have added nothing to human progress. But Machines require educated superintendence. One shoe factory in Boston by its machines does the work of 30000 shoemakers in Paris w ho have still to go through the weary drudgery of mechanical labor. The steam power of the world during the last twenty years has per cent. manufacture improved by the teachings of science af light was by the tinder box with its quadruple mate rials flint and steel burnt rags or tinder and a sulphur found and the air was dry a light could be obtained in two minutes; but very often the time occupied was much longer and the process became a great trial to the serenity of temper. The consequence of this was that a fire or a burning lamp was kept alight through the day. Old Gerard in his Herbal tells us how cer and steel which Philip the Good put into the collar high knowledge in the progress of the arts. It con tinued to prevail till 1833 when phosphorus matches were introduced though I have been amused to find that there are a few venerable ancients in London who ery for it had been obtained by an Arabian called Bechel in the eighth century. However it was forgotten and was rediscovered by Brandt who made it out of very stinking materials in 1669. Other discoveries had however to be made before it could be used for lucifer matches. The science of com bustion was only developed on the discovery of oxygen a century later. Time had to elapse before chemical analysis showed the kind of bodies which could be add it
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