Mr. Stephenson was making the preliminary surveys for the projected Liverpool and Manchester railroad many of the nobility stoutly refused him permission to enter their lands. At XnowsleyMr. Stephenson was driven back by the keeper and threatened with rough handling if found there again ; Lord Derby's farmers turned out all their men to watch the surveyors ; guns were discharged over the property of then Duke of Bridgwater and men armed with pitchforkswere sta tioned at the gates ; while at St. Helen's as a chainman was clambering over a gate a laborer ran at him with a pitch fork and thrust the prongs through his clothes into his back ; others of his party coming to his assistance the laborers who had now gathered in force poured in a volley of stones and finally completely demolished the harmless theodolite. Finally in order to protect both his surveyors and his in strument Mr. Stephenson was forced to make his surveys at night with the aid of dark lanterns and to employ a ' noted bruiser' to carry the theodolite. Forty-nine years have passed since George Stephenson finished his first railroad and all doubts of the merits of this great invention were set at rest forever. Fifty years ago it was the dream of a mechanic ; today it is a great almost the greatest achievement of human ingenuity an human skill the great civilizing agent of the nineteenth century increasing the means of public intercourse removing na tional and provincial antipathies and binding together all the brioches of the world family. Never did so marvelous an invention pass through more vicissitudes or struggle up through more bitter opposition to a more glorious triumph never was courage tried by more reverses and disappointments that was George Stephenson's ; yet that background of disaster only sets in brighter relief the spirit that bore up under all the faith that never gave way and the patience that never was weary. something useful instructive or entertaining to reward us for so doing. It i
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